/* Youth Center image blocks: alternate image alignment and stack on mobile */
.img-block {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 32px;
  margin-bottom: 2.5em;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
}

.img {
  max-width: 340px;
  width: 250%;
  height: 250%;
  border-radius: 10px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.10);
  display: block;
}

.largeimg {
  max-width: 700px;
  width: 500%;
  height: 500%;
  border-radius: 10px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.10);
  display: block;
}

/* Research Statement Card */
.research-statement-card {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 18px;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 32px rgba(44,62,80,0.10), 0 1.5px 6px rgba(44,62,80,0.08);
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  position: relative;
  border-left: 6px solid #e67e22;
}
.research-statement-title {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #e67e22;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}
.research-statement-card p {
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  text-align: justify;
}
/* Reset and Base Styles */
* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: "Poppins", sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #333;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

.container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
}

/* Navigation */
.navbar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  background: rgba(44, 62, 80, 0.95);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  z-index: 1000;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.nav-container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  height: 80px;
}

.nav-logo h2 {
  color: #ecf0f1;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.nav-menu {
  display: flex;
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: center;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

.nav-link {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #ecf0f1;
  font-weight: 500;
  position: relative;
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.nav-link:hover {
  color: #e67e22;
}

.nav-link::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -5px;
  left: 0;
  width: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: #e67e22;
  transition: width 0.3s ease;
}

.nav-link:hover::after {
  width: 100%;
}

.hamburger {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.bar {
  width: 25px;
  height: 3px;
  background: #ecf0f1;
  margin: 3px 0;
  transition: 0.3s;
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero {
  min-height: 100vh;
  background: linear-gradient(
      135deg,
      rgba(236, 240, 241, 0.7) 0%,
      rgba(189, 195, 199, 0.7) 50%,
      rgba(149, 165, 166, 0.7) 100%
    ),
    url("https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/city-background-architectural-drawings-modern-use-web-magazine-poster-vector-design-193358509.jpg");
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-attachment: fixed;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><defs><pattern id="grid" width="10" height="10" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><path d="M 10 0 L 0 0 0 10" fill="none" stroke="%23ffffff20" stroke-width="0.5"/></pattern></defs><rect width="100" height="100" fill="url(%23grid)"/></svg>');
  background-size: 100px 100px;
}

.hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 200px;
  background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1200 200"><defs><linearGradient id="skyline" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="0%" y2="100%"><stop offset="0%" style="stop-color:%23f8f9fa;stop-opacity:0"/><stop offset="100%" style="stop-color:%23f8f9fa;stop-opacity:1"/></linearGradient></defs><rect width="1200" height="200" fill="url(%23skyline)"/><g fill="%23e67e2215"><rect x="50" y="80" width="30" height="120"/><rect x="100" y="60" width="25" height="140"/><rect x="140" y="70" width="35" height="130"/><rect x="200" y="50" width="40" height="150"/><rect x="260" y="90" width="20" height="110"/><rect x="300" y="40" width="45" height="160"/><rect x="370" y="75" width="30" height="125"/><rect x="420" y="55" width="35" height="145"/><rect x="480" y="85" width="25" height="115"/><rect x="530" y="30" width="50" height="170"/><rect x="600" y="70" width="30" height="130"/><rect x="650" y="90" width="35" height="110"/><rect x="710" y="45" width="40" height="155"/><rect x="770" y="65" width="25" height="135"/><rect x="820" y="80" width="45" height="120"/><rect x="890" y="35" width="35" height="165"/><rect x="950" y="75" width="30" height="125"/><rect x="1000" y="50" width="40" height="150"/><rect x="1060" y="85" width="25" height="115"/><rect x="1100" y="40" width="35" height="160"/></g></svg>');
  background-size: cover;
}

.hero-container {
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.hero-content {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 2rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.hero-text {
  flex: 1;
  max-width: 65%;
  padding-right: 2rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
}

.hero-text h1 {
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 2.5em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.hero-text h2 {
  font-size: 1.4em;
  font-weight: normal;
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.hero-text h3 {
  font-size: 1.4em;
  font-weight: normal;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.hero-text p {
  max-width: 100%;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  opacity: 0.8;
  text-align: justify;
}

.hero-image {
  flex: 0 0 35%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  align-items: center;
  padding-left: 1rem;
}

.hero-image .image-placeholder {
  width: 280px;
  height: 280px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  border: 3px solid rgba(230, 126, 34, 0.8);
}

.hero-image .profile-photo {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.hero-buttons {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.btn {
  padding: 15px 30px;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.btn-primary {
  background: #e67e22;
  color: white;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  background: #d35400;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(230, 126, 34, 0.3);
}

.btn-secondary {
  background: transparent;
  color: #2c3e50;
  border: 2px solid #2c3e50;
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
  background: #2c3e50;
  color: white;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.profile-image {
  text-align: center;
  color: #2c3e50;
}

.profile-image i {
  font-size: 6rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  display: block;
}

.image-note {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin: 0;
}

/* Section Styles */
section {
  padding: 100px 0;
}

.section-header {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 80px;
}

.section-header h2 {
  font-size: 3rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.section-header p {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #666;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

/* About Section */
.about {
  background: linear-gradient(
      rgba(248, 249, 250, 0.85),
      rgba(248, 249, 250, 0.85)
    ),
    url("https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/city-background-architectural-drawings-modern-use-web-magazine-poster-vector-design-193358509.jpg");
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-attachment: fixed;
  position: relative;
}

.about::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1200 600"><defs><pattern id="landmarks" width="400" height="200" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><g fill="%23e67e2208" opacity="0.6"><path d="M50,150 L70,130 L90,150 L110,120 L130,150 L150,140 L170,150 Z M50,150 L50,180 L170,180 L170,150"/><rect x="200" y="120" width="15" height="60"/><rect x="220" y="100" width="15" height="80"/><rect x="240" y="110" width="15" height="70"/><rect x="260" y="90" width="20" height="90"/><rect x="285" y="105" width="15" height="75"/><path d="M320,180 L340,160 L360,180 Z M340,160 L340,100 L345,100 L345,160"/><circle cx="340" cy="95" r="8" fill="none" stroke="%23e67e2208" stroke-width="2"/></g></pattern></defs><rect width="1200" height="600" fill="url(%23landmarks)"/></svg>');
  background-size: 800px 400px;
  opacity: 0.1;
  z-index: 1;
}

.about .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.about-text h3 {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.about-text p {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #666;
  margin-bottom: 50px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.skills-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 30px;
  margin-top: 50px;
}

.skill-item {
  background: white;
  padding: 40px 30px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.skill-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px);
}

.skill-item i {
  font-size: 3rem;
  color: #e67e22;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.skill-item h4 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.skill-item p {
  color: #666;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Education Section */
.education {
  position: relative;
}

.education::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 400"><defs><pattern id="classical" width="200" height="100" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><g fill="%23e67e2210" opacity="0.5"><rect x="20" y="70" width="160" height="8"/><rect x="25" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="35" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="45" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="55" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="65" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="75" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="85" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="95" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="105" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="115" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="125" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="135" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="145" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="155" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="165" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><rect x="175" y="65" width="5" height="15"/><path d="M20,65 L100,45 L180,65" fill="none" stroke="%23e67e2210" stroke-width="2"/><rect x="95" y="45" width="10" height="20"/></g></pattern></defs><rect width="800" height="400" fill="url(%23classical)"/></svg>');
  background-size: 400px 200px;
  opacity: 0.2;
  z-index: 1;
}

.education .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}
.timeline {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.timeline::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 30px;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 4px;
  background: #e67e22;
}

.timeline-item {
  position: relative;
  margin-bottom: 50px;
  padding-left: 80px;
}

.timeline-dot {
  position: absolute;
  left: 22px;
  top: 0;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #e67e22;
  border: 4px solid white;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px #e67e22;
}

.timeline-content {
  background: white;
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.timeline-content h3 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.institution {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #e67e22;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.year {
  color: #666;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

/* Education Achievements */
.achievements {
  margin-top: 15px;
}

.achievement-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  padding: 8px 0;
}

.achievement-item:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.achievement-item i {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #e67e22;
  margin-top: 2px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.achievement-item span {
  color: #666;
  line-height: 1.5;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* Experience Section */
.experience {
  background: #f8f9fa;
  position: relative;
}

.experience::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1000 400"><defs><pattern id="skyscrapers" width="500" height="200" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><g fill="%23e67e2210" opacity="0.6"><rect x="50" y="50" width="40" height="150"/><rect x="110" y="30" width="35" height="170"/><rect x="160" y="60" width="30" height="140"/><rect x="210" y="20" width="45" height="180"/><rect x="275" y="70" width="25" height="130"/><rect x="320" y="40" width="50" height="160"/><rect x="390" y="80" width="30" height="120"/><rect x="440" y="25" width="35" height="175"/><g fill="%23e67e2215"><rect x="55" y="55" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="65" y="55" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="75" y="55" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="55" y="65" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="65" y="65" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="75" y="65" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="115" y="35" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="125" y="35" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="135" y="35" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="115" y="45" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="125" y="45" width="5" height="5"/><rect x="135" y="45" width="5" height="5"/></g></g></pattern></defs><rect width="1000" height="400" fill="url(%23skyscrapers)"/></svg>');
  background-size: 1000px 400px;
  opacity: 0.2;
  z-index: 1;
}

.experience .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.experience-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 40px;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.experience-item {
  background: white;
  padding: 40px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  display: flex;
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.exp-icon {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #e67e22;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.exp-icon i {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: white;
}

.exp-content h3 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.company {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #e67e22;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.duration {
  color: #666;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.exp-content ul {
  list-style: none;
}

.exp-content li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: #666;
}

.exp-content li::before {
  content: "▸";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  color: #e67e22;
}

/* Research Section */
.research {
  background: linear-gradient(
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8),
      rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8)
    ),
    url("https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/city-background-architectural-drawings-modern-use-web-magazine-poster-vector-design-193358509.jpg");
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-attachment: fixed;
  position: relative;
}

.research::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1000 400"><defs><pattern id="futurebuildings" width="500" height="200" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><g fill="%23e67e2212" opacity="0.5"><rect x="50" y="100" width="25" height="100" rx="5"/><rect x="90" y="80" width="30" height="120" rx="8"/><rect x="140" y="90" width="20" height="110" rx="10"/><rect x="180" y="60" width="35" height="140" rx="5"/><rect x="230" y="120" width="15" height="80" rx="7"/><rect x="260" y="70" width="40" height="130" rx="12"/><rect x="320" y="110" width="25" height="90" rx="6"/><rect x="360" y="50" width="30" height="150" rx="15"/><rect x="410" y="95" width="20" height="105" rx="4"/><rect x="450" y="40" width="35" height="160" rx="8"/><circle cx="62" cy="110" r="2" fill="%23e67e2220"/><circle cx="62" cy="120" r="2" fill="%23e67e2220"/><circle cx="105" cy="90" r="2" fill="%23e67e2220"/><circle cx="105" cy="100" r="2" fill="%23e67e2220"/><circle cx="197" cy="70" r="2" fill="%23e67e2220"/><circle cx="197" cy="80" r="2" fill="%23e67e2220"/><circle cx="280" cy="80" r="2" fill="%23e67e2220"/><circle cx="280" cy="90" r="2" fill="%23e67e2220"/></g></pattern></defs><rect width="1000" height="400" fill="url(%23futurebuildings)"/></svg>');
  background-size: 1000px 400px;
  opacity: 0.1;
  z-index: 1;
}

.research .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}
.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
  gap: 30px;
}

.research-item {
  background: white;
  padding: 40px 30px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.research-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px);
}

.research-icon {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #e67e22;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 20px;
}

.research-icon i {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: white;
}

.research-item h3 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.research-item p {
  color: #666;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Publications Section */
.publications {
  background: #f8f9fa;
  position: relative;
}

.publications::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1200 500"><defs><pattern id="worldbuildings" width="600" height="250" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><g fill="%23e67e2210" opacity="0.6"><path d="M50,200 L80,170 L110,200 Z M80,170 L80,120 L85,120 L85,170" stroke="%23e67e2210" stroke-width="1"/><circle cx="80" cy="115" r="6" fill="none" stroke="%23e67e2210" stroke-width="1"/><rect x="150" y="150" width="60" height="50"/><rect x="160" y="140" width="10" height="60"/><rect x="175" y="140" width="10" height="60"/><rect x="190" y="140" width="10" height="60"/><path d="M150,150 L180,130 L210,150" fill="none" stroke="%23e67e2210" stroke-width="2"/><rect x="250" y="180" width="8" height="20"/><rect x="265" y="170" width="8" height="30"/><rect x="280" y="160" width="8" height="40"/><rect x="295" y="150" width="8" height="50"/><rect x="310" y="140" width="8" height="60"/><rect x="325" y="130" width="8" height="70"/><rect x="340" y="120" width="8" height="80"/><path d="M380,200 Q400,180 420,200 Q440,180 460,200" fill="none" stroke="%23e67e2210" stroke-width="2"/><rect x="390" y="185" width="6" height="15"/><rect x="400" y="185" width="6" height="15"/><rect x="410" y="185" width="6" height="15"/><rect x="430" y="185" width="6" height="15"/><rect x="440" y="185" width="6" height="15"/><rect x="450" y="185" width="6" height="15"/><path d="M500,200 L520,160 L540,200 Z" fill="%23e67e2208"/><rect x="515" y="160" width="10" height="40"/></g></pattern></defs><rect width="1200" height="500" fill="url(%23worldbuildings)"/></svg>');
  background-size: 1200px 500px;
  opacity: 0.2;
  z-index: 1;
}

.publications .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.publications-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 40px;
  max-width: 1000px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.publication-item-row {
  background: white;
  padding: 40px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  display: flex;
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  width: 100%;
}

.publications-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: 30px;
}

.publication-item {
  background: white;
  padding: 40px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.publication-item-row .pub-icon {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #e67e22;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.publication-item-row .pub-icon i {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: white;
}

.publication-item-row .pub-content {
  flex: 1;
}

.publication-item-row .pub-content h3 {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 25px;
}

.pub-icon {
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #e67e22;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.pub-icon i {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: white;
}

.pub-content h3 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.pub-content p {
  color: #666;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.pub-link {
  color: #e67e22;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.pub-link:hover {
  color: #d35400;
}

/* Publication List Styling */
.publication-list {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.pub-entry {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  padding-bottom: 15px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}

.pub-entry:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.pub-entry h4 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.pub-entry p {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #666;
  margin: 0;
}

/* Metrics Grid */
.metrics-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 15px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.metric-item {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 15px 10px;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.metric-number {
  display: block;
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #e67e22;
  line-height: 1;
}

.metric-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #666;
  margin-top: 5px;
}

/* Research Areas List */
.research-areas {
  list-style: none;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
}

.research-areas li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: #666;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.research-areas li::before {
  content: "▸";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  color: #e67e22;
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* Credentials Styling */
.credentials-list {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.credential-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 15px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding: 15px;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 8px;
  border-left: 4px solid #e67e22;
}

.credential-item:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.credential-icon {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #e67e22;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.credential-icon i {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: white;
}

.credential-details h4 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.credential-details p {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #666;
  margin-bottom: 3px;
  font-family: "Courier New", monospace;
}

.credential-details small {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #999;
}

/* Contact Section */
.contact {
  background: #2c3e50;
  color: white;
  position: relative;
}

.contact::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1200 400"><defs><pattern id="bridges" width="400" height="200" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><g fill="none" stroke="%23e67e2215" stroke-width="2" opacity="0.6"><path d="M50,150 Q200,100 350,150"/><rect x="45" y="145" width="10" height="30"/><rect x="195" y="95" width="10" height="60"/><rect x="345" y="145" width="10" height="30"/><path d="M75,160 L75,140 M100,155 L100,135 M125,152 L125,132 M150,150 L150,130 M175,148 L175,128 M200,147 L200,127 M225,148 L225,128 M250,150 L250,130 M275,152 L275,132 M300,155 L300,135 M325,160 L325,140"/></g></pattern></defs><rect width="1200" height="400" fill="url(%23bridges)"/></svg>');
  background-size: 800px 400px;
  opacity: 0.3;
  z-index: 1;
}

.contact .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.contact .section-header h2,
.contact .section-header p {
  color: white;
}

.contact-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 60px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.contact-info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 30px;
}

.contact-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 20px;
}

.contact-item i {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: #e67e22;
  margin-top: 5px;
}

.contact-item h4 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.contact-item p {
  color: #bdc3c7;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.contact-form {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  padding: 40px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

.form-group {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.form-group input,
.form-group textarea {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 15px;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  color: white;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.form-group input::placeholder,
.form-group textarea::placeholder {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
}

.form-group input:focus,
.form-group textarea:focus {
  outline: none;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

/* Footer */
.footer {
  background: #1a252f;
  color: white;
  padding: 60px 0 20px;
}

.footer-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.footer-section h3 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.footer-section h4 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.footer-section p {
  color: #bdc3c7;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.footer-section ul {
  list-style: none;
}

.footer-section ul li {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.footer-section ul li a {
  color: #bdc3c7;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.footer-section ul li a:hover {
  color: #e67e22;
}

.social-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 15px;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.social-links a {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #e67e22;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background 0.3s ease;
}

.social-links a:hover {
  background: #d35400;
}

.footer-bottom {
  text-align: center;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid #34495e;
  color: #bdc3c7;
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .nav-menu {
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .nav-link {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hamburger {
    display: flex;
  }

  .nav-menu {
    position: fixed;
    left: -100%;
    top: 80px;
    flex-direction: column;
    background: #2c3e50;
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    transition: 0.3s;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 27px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    padding: 20px 0;
    white-space: normal;
  }

  .nav-menu.active {
    left: 0;
  }

  .hero-content {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 40px;
  }

  .hero-text h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }

  .hero-text h2 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }

  .hero-buttons {
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .section-header h2 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }

  .timeline::before {
    left: 20px;
  }

  .timeline-item {
    padding-left: 60px;
  }

  .timeline-dot {
    left: 12px;
  }

  .experience-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .contact-content {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 40px;
  }

  .hero-buttons {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .btn {
    width: 200px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .container {
    padding: 0 15px;
  }

  section {
    padding: 60px 0;
  }

  .hero-text h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }

  .hero-text h2 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  .image-placeholder {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
  }

  .image-placeholder i {
    font-size: 5rem;
  }

  .skills-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .publications-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .publication-item-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 20px;
  }

  .publication-item-row .pub-icon {
    margin: 0 auto;
  }

  .publication-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
  }
}

/* Animations */
@keyframes fadeInUp {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(30px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.skill-item,
.research-item,
.publication-item,
.timeline-item,
.experience-item {
  animation: fadeInUp 0.6s ease-out;
}

/* Smooth scrolling */
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Courses Page Styles */
.courses-hero {
  min-height: 60vh;
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95) 0%,
    rgba(236, 240, 241, 0.95) 100%
  );
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: #2c3e50;
  position: relative;
  margin-top: 80px;
}

.courses-hero .hero-container {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
}

.courses-hero h1 {
  font-size: 3.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
}

.courses-hero h2 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  color: #e67e22;
  text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.courses-hero p {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  color: #555;
}

.courses-content {
  padding: 80px 0;
  margin-top: 80px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    to bottom,
    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98) 0%,
    rgba(248, 249, 250, 0.98) 100%
  );
}

.supervision-content {
  padding: 80px 0;
  margin-top: 80px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    to bottom,
    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98) 0%,
    rgba(248, 249, 250, 0.98) 100%
  );
}

.contributions-content {
  padding: 80px 0;
  margin-top: 80px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    to bottom,
    rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98) 0%,
    rgba(248, 249, 250, 0.98) 100%
  );
}

.intro-paragraph {
  text-align: justify;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto 60px auto;
  padding: 0 20px;
}

.intro-paragraph p {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: #555;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: justify;
}
.institution-section {
  margin-bottom: 60px;
  background: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  padding: 40px;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 35px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  border-left: 5px solid #e67e22;
}

.institution-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #ecf0f1;
}

.institution-header i {
  font-size: 2rem;
  color: #e67e22;
  margin-right: 15px;
}

.institution-header h3 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  font-weight: 600;
  flex: 1;
}

.institution-header .years {
  background: #e67e22;
  color: white;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  border-radius: 25px;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.courses-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 25px;
}

.course-item {
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 25px;
  border-left: 4px solid #e67e22;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  position: relative;
}

.course-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  background: white;
}

.course-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
}

.course-header h4 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  font-weight: 600;
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 200px;
}

.course-level {
  background: #3498db;
  color: white;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.course-level.graduate {
  background: #9b59b6;
}

.course-description {
  color: #555;
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: justify;
}

.teaching-philosophy {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2c3e50 0%, #34495e 100%);
  color: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  padding: 40px;
  margin-top: 40px;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.teaching-philosophy::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><defs><pattern id="philosophy-pattern" width="20" height="20" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><circle cx="10" cy="10" r="2" fill="%23e67e22" opacity="0.1"/></pattern></defs><rect width="100" height="100" fill="url(%23philosophy-pattern)"/></svg>');
  opacity: 0.3;
}

.philosophy-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.teaching-philosophy h3 {
  font-size: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  color: #e67e22;
}

.teaching-philosophy p {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

/* Active nav link styling for courses page */
.nav-link.active {
  color: #e67e22;
}

.nav-link.active::after {
  width: 100%;
}

/* Responsive Design for Courses Page */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .courses-hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }

  .courses-hero h2 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }

  .courses-hero p {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .institution-section {
    padding: 25px;
  }

  .institution-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 15px;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .institution-header h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }

  .course-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .course-header h4 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    min-width: auto;
  }

  .teaching-philosophy {
    padding: 30px 20px;
  }

  .teaching-philosophy h3 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
  }

  .teaching-philosophy p {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
}

/* Portfolio Document Styles */
.portfolio-document {
  padding-top: 80px; /* Account for fixed navbar */
  background: #ffffff;
  min-height: 100vh;
  max-width: 1500px;
  margin: 40px auto;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.07);
  padding: 32px 60px;
}

.portfolio-container {
  max-width: 1400px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 40px;
}

.portfolio-title {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 60px 0 40px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #e67e22;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.portfolio-title h1 {
  font-size: 2.8rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
}

.portfolio-title h2 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: #e67e22;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.portfolio-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: #7f8c8d;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.portfolio-section {
  margin-bottom: 50px;
  padding-bottom: 40px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ecf0f1;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.portfolio-section:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.portfolio-section h2 {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-left: 4px solid #e67e22;
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.portfolio-section h3 {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  color: #34495e;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  margin-top: 35px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.portfolio-section h4 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  margin-top: 25px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.portfolio-section p {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  text-align: justify;
  text-justify: inter-word;
}

.portfolio-section ul {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding-left: 25px;
}

.portfolio-section li {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.project-list {
  background: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 25px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  margin: 25px 0;
  border-left: 4px solid #3498db;
}

.project-list h4 {
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.project-list ul {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.project-list li {
  background: white;
  padding: 15px 20px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  border-left: 3px solid #3498db;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  border-bottom: none;
}

.project-list li:hover {
  transform: translateX(5px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* Portfolio Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .portfolio-document {
    padding: 40px 0;
  }
  
  .portfolio-container {
    margin: 0 15px;
    border-radius: 8px;
  }
  
  .portfolio-header {
    padding: 40px 25px;
  }
  
  .portfolio-header h1 {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
  }
  
  .portfolio-header p {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
  
  .portfolio-content {
    padding: 40px 25px;
  }
  
  .portfolio-section h2 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
  }
  
  .portfolio-section h3 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
  }
  
  .portfolio-section h4 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }
  
  .portfolio-section p,
  .portfolio-section li {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  
  .project-list {
    padding: 20px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .portfolio-header h1 {
    font-size: 1.9rem;
  }
  
  .portfolio-content {
    padding: 30px 20px;
  }
  
  .portfolio-section {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
  }
}
}

.project-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

/* Teaching Excellence Styles */
.teaching-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.teaching-card {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  padding: 2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.teaching-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.teaching-card .card-header {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.teaching-card .card-header h3 {
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}

.expertise-areas {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.expertise-tag {
  background: #e67e22;
  color: white;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.philosophy-points {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.point {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  color: #555;
}

.point i {
  color: #e67e22;
  width: 20px;
}

.achievements {
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.achievement {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  color: #555;
}

.achievement i {
  color: #e67e22;
  width: 20px;
}

/* Projects Styles */
.projects-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.project-card {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.project-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.project-header {
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background: #2c3e50;
  color: white;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.project-header h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.project-year {
  background: #e67e22;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.project-image-placeholder {
  height: 200px;
  background: linear-gradient(45deg, #f0f0f0, #e0e0e0);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #999;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  gap: 10px;
}

.project-image-placeholder i {
  font-size: 2rem;
}

.project-content {
  padding: 1.5rem;
}

.project-features {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.feature-tag {
  background: #34495e;
  color: white;
  padding: 4px 12px;
  border-radius: 15px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

/* Thesis Section */
.thesis-section {
  margin-top: 4rem;
  padding-top: 3rem;
  border-top: 2px solid #eee;
}

.thesis-showcase {
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.thesis-card.featured {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2c3e50, #34495e);
  color: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  padding: 2rem;
}

.thesis-header h4 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.thesis-type {
  background: #e67e22;
  padding: 6px 15px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.thesis-achievements {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.achievement-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  padding: 10px 15px;
  border-radius: 10px;
}

.achievement-item i {
  color: #e67e22;
}

/* Course Materials Styles */
.course-showcase {
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.course-card.featured {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  padding: 2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.course-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #eee;
}

.course-header h3 {
  color: #2c3e50;
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.course-level {
  background: #e67e22;
  color: white;
  padding: 6px 15px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.course-description {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.teaching-approach,
.learning-outcomes,
.project-highlight {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.teaching-approach h4,
.learning-outcomes h4,
.project-highlight h4 {
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}

.approach-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.approach-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 10px;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.approach-item i {
  color: #e67e22;
}

.learning-outcomes ul {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
}

.learning-outcomes li {
  padding: 8px 0;
  padding-left: 25px;
  position: relative;
}

.learning-outcomes li::before {
  content: "✓";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  color: #e67e22;
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* Research Work Styles */
.research-intro {
  background: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 2rem;
  border-radius: 15px;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #555;
}

.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
}

.research-card {
  background: white;
  border-radius: 15px;
  padding: 2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.research-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.research-header h3 {
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.publication-info {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.journal {
  color: #e67e22;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.authors {
  color: #666;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-style: italic;
}

.research-content p {
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  color: #555;
}

.research-highlights {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.highlight {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  padding: 8px 15px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #555;
}

.highlight i {
  color: #e67e22;
}

/* Portfolio Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .portfolio-hero-content h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
  }
  
  .portfolio-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
  
  .portfolio-tabs {
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  
  .tab-btn {
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }
  
  .teaching-grid,
  .projects-grid,
  .research-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  
  .project-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    text-align: center;
  }
  
  .course-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    text-align: center;
  }
  
  .approach-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  
  .thesis-achievements {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}